8th Social Science Guide Unit 3 Rural Life and Society

8th Standard Social Science Guide  Lesson 3 Rural Life and Society | English Medium

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8th Social Science Guide Unit 3 Rural Life and Society

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Which system was called by different names like Jagirdari, Malguzari and Biswedari etc.?

1. Mahalwari
2. Ryotwari
3. Zamindari
4. None of these

Ans: None of these

2. Under which Governor General did the permanent settlement implemented in Bengal.

1. Lord Hastings
2. Lord Cornwallis
3. Lord Wellesley
4. Lord Minto

Ans: Lord Cornwallis

3. What was the Mahal in the Mahalwari system?

1. House
2. Town
3. Village
4. Palace

Ans: Village

4. In which region was the Mahalwari system imposed?

1. Maharashtra
2. Madras
3. Bengal
4. Punjab

Ans: Punjab

5. Who among the following Governors introduced Mahalwari system?

1. Lord Hastings
2. Lord Cornwallis
3. Lord Wellesley
4. Lord William Bentinck

Ans: Lord William Bentinck

6. In which region was the Ryotwari system not introduced by the British?

1. Bombay
2. Madras
3. Bengal
4. None of these

Ans : Bengal

7. The Indigo revolt was led by whom?

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Keshab Chandra Roy
3. Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas
4. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Ans : Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas

8. The Bardoli Satyagraha was led by whom?

1. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
2. Mahatma Gandhi
3. DigambarBiswas
4. Keshab Chandra Roy

Ans : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

II. Fill in the Blanks.

1. ________ is the modified version of the Zamindari system. Ans: Mahalwari system
2. The Mahalwari system was a Brain child of ________.Ans : Holt Mackenzie.
3. Indigo Revolt took place in _______.Ans: 1860
4. Maplah Rebellion was held in _______.Ans: April 1920.
5. The Champaran Agrarian Act was passed in __________.Ans: May 1918

III. Match the following

1. Permanent Settlement – Madras
2. Mahalwari Settlement – Misery of the Indigo cultivators
3. Ryotwari System – North west province
4. Nil Darban – Bengal
5. Santhal Rebellion – First Peasant revolt

 Ans : 1 – D, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – B, 5 – E

IV. State true or false :

1. Warren Hastings introduced quinquennial land settlementAns : True.
2. Ryotwari system was introduced by Thomas MunroAns : True.
3. Pabna revolt originated in the Yusufshahi pargana in GujaratAns : False.
4. The Punjab land alienation Act was passed in 1918Ans : False

V. Consider the following statement and tick appropriate answer

1. Which of the following statement is not true about Zamindari system?

1. This settlement was introduced in 1793.
2. The Zamindars became the owner of the land.
3. This system secured a fixed a stable income for the cultivators.
4. This practice was applicable to the area of 19% of India.

Ans : This system secured a fixed a stable income for the cultivators.

2. Which of the following statement is correct about Peasants revolt in India?

1. The Santhal rebellion was held in Bengal.
2. DinabandhuMitra wrote a drama called Nil Darpan.
3. The Deccan riots started from a village at Pune in 1873.
4. The Moplah peasants rebellion was held in Tamil Nadu.

Ans: DinabandhuMitra wrote a drama called Nil Darpan.

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences

1. List out any two salient features of the Permanent settlement?

• The Zamindars were recognised as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly.
• The Zamindars acted as the agent of the Government for the collection of revenue from the cultivators.

2. What were the salient features of the Ryotwari system?

• Revenue settlement was done directly with the ryots.
• Measurement of field and an estimate of produce was calculated.
• Government fixed the demand at 45 to 55 percent of the produce.

3. Bring out the effects of the Mahalwari settlement.

• The Lambardar enjoyed privileges which was misused for their self – interest.
• This system brought no benefit to the cultivators.
• It was a modified version of the Zamindari system and benefited the upper class in villages.

4. What was the cause of Indigo Revolt in 1859 – 60?

• The European indigo planters compelled the tenant farmers to grow indigo at terms highly disadvantageous to the farmers.
• The tenant farmer was forced to sell it cheap to the planter and accepted advances from the planter that benefitted the latter. There were also cases of kidnapping, looting, flogging and burning.
• Led by Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Charan Biswas, the ryots of Nadia district gave up indigo cultivation in September 1859. Factories were burnt down and the revolt spread.

5. What was the contribution of Mahatma Gandhi on Champaran Satyagraha.

• The European planters of Champaran in Bihar resorted to illegal and inhuman methods of indigo cultivation at a cost which was wholly unjust.
• The peasants were liable to unlawful extortion and oppression by the planters.
• Mahatma Gandhi took up their cause. The Government appointed an enquiry commission of which Mahatma Gandhi was a member.
• The grievances of the peasants were enquired and ultimately the Champaran Agrarian Act was passed in May 1918.

6. Mention the role of Vallabhai Patel in Bardoli Satyagraha.

• In 1928, the peasants of Bardoli (Gujarat) started their agitation under the leadership of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, in protest against the government’s proposal to increase land revenue by 30 percent.
• The peasants refused to pay tax at the enhanced rate and started no – tax campaign from 12 February 1928. Many women also participated in this campaign.

VII. Answer the following in detail.

1. Discuss the merits and demerits of the Permanent settlement.

Merits:

• Under this system many of the waste lands and forests became cultivable lands.
• The Zamindars became the owner of the land.
• The Zamindars were made free from the responsibility of providing justice.
• The Zamindars remained faithful to the British Government.
• This system secured a fixed and stable income for the British Government.

Demerits:

• The British Government had no direct contact with the cultivators.
• The rights of the cultivators were ignored and they were left at the mercy of the Zamindars.
• The peasants were almost treated as serfs.
• This system was made the Zamindars lethargic and luxurious.
• Many conflicts between the zamindars and the peasants arose in rural Bengal

2. What were the impacts of the British Land Revenue system on the cultivators?

• A common feature of all the settlements was the assessment and the maximize income from land. It resulted in increasing land sales and dispossession.
• The peasants were overburdened with taxation. Due to the tax burden and famines, in general, the people suffered in poverty and burdened with debts. They had to seek the moneylenders who became rich and acquired lands from the peasants.
• The Zamindars, money – lenders and lawyers exploited the poor peasants.
• The stability and continuity of the Indian villages was shaken.
• Cottage industries disappeared on account of the import of British goods and the peasants had nothing to supplement their income.
• The old body of custom was replaced by new apparatus of law, courts, fees, lawyers and formal procedures.
• The British policy proved advantageous only to the government of a privileged section of the society at the cost of the cultivators who were the rightful owners of their lands and claimants of the larger share of the produce.

3. Write a paragraph about the Moplah Rebellion?

• The Muslim Moplah (or Moplah) peasants of Malabar (Kerala) was suppressed and exploited by the Hindu zamindars (Jenmis) and British government.
• This was the main cause of this revolt.
• The Moplah peasants got momentum from the Malabar District Conference, held in April 1920.
• This conference supported the tenants’ cause, and demanded legislations for regulating landlord-tenant relations.
• In August 1921, the Moplah tenants rebelled against the oppressive zamindars. In the initial phase of the rebellion, the Moplah peasants attacked the police stations, public offices, communications and houses of oppressive landlords and moneylenders.
• By December 1921, the government ruthlessly suppressed the Moplah rebellion.
• According to an official estimate, as a result of government intervention, 2337 Moplah rebels were killed, 1650 wounded and more than 45,000 captured as prisoners.