10th Social Science Guide Geography Unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

10th Std Social Science – Geography Lesson.17 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

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10th Social Science Guide Geography Unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

10th Geography unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

1. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is

1. Cauvery delta
2. Mahanadi delta
3. Godavari delta
4. Krishna delta

Ans: Cauvery delta

2. Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is

1. Pulses
2. Millets
3. Oilseeds
4. Rice

Ans: Millets

3. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is

1. Mettur
2. Papansam
3. Sathanur
4. Thungabahdra

Ans: Mettur

4. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are

1. 3 and 15
2. 4 and 15
3. 3 and 16
4. 4 and 15

Ans : 3 and 15

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes ________ % of its economy. Ans : 21%
2. Sathanur dam is constructed across the river ________. Ans : Thenpennai
3. ________ is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi. Ans : Chennai International Airport
4. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called ________. Ans : Balance Trade

III. Match the following:

1. Bauxite – Salem
2. Gypsum – Servaroy hills
3. Iron – Coimbatore
4. Limestone – Tiruchirapalli

Ans: 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – C

IV. Questions 1-2 are assertion and reasoning type

1. Assertion (A) : Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode region is called as The Textile Valley of Tamil Nadu.

Reason (R) : They contribute a major share to the states economy through textiles.

• a.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
• b.Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
• c.(A) is true but (R) is false
• d.(A) is false but (R) is true

Ans : Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)

2. Assertion (A) : The Nilgiris is the least populated district of Tamil Nadu

Reason (R) : It is located in the western most part of Tamil Nadu.

• a.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
• b.Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
• c.(A) is true but (R) is false
• d.(A) is false but (R) is false

Ans : Both (A) and (R)are true but, (R) does not explain (A)

V Answer the following in brief

1. Explain the cropping seasons of Tamil Nadu.

Cropping seasons:

• Sornavari (Chittirai pattam)
• Samba (Adipattam)
• Navarai(Karthigai pattam)

2. Why is Coimbatore called the Manchester of Tamil Nadu?

A large number of textile mills are concentrated in Coimbatore. Hence Coimbatore is called the ‘Manchester of Tamilnadu’.

3. Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu.

Multipurpose projects of Tamilnadu are:

1. Mettur Dam
2. Sathanur Dam
3. The Papanasam Dam
4. Bhavani Sagar dam
5. Mullaiperiyar Dam
6. Parampikulam Aliyar
7. Amaravathi Dam
8. Vaigai Dam Project
9. Krishnagiri Dam
10. Manimuthar Dam

4, What is MRTS?

Chennai has a well established sub urban railway network, a Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS). It is currently developing a Metro system with its underground stretch in operation since May 2017.

5. List out the airports and seaports of Tamil Nadu.

Airports:

• Tamil Nadu has four major international airports.
• Chennai International Airport is currently the third largest airport.
• Other international airports in Tamil Nadu are Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli airports.
• It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin and Salem.

Sea ports:

• Tamil Nadu has three major ports. They are in Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.
• It has an intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 other minor ports.

10th Social Science Guide Geography Unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

VI. Distinguish between the following

1. Marine Fishing and inland fishing

Marine fishing

• 1. It is carried out in oceans and seas
• 2. Large mechanized boats are used for fishing.
• 3. The fish varieties caught are sharks, flying fish, counch, cat fish, silver bellies and crabs.
• 4. Chennai, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Nagapattinam, Thanjavur and Ramanathapuram districts contribute about 40% of marine fish production in the state.

Inland fishing

• 1. It is carried out in lakes, rivers, ponds, estuaries, back waters, and swamps.
• 2. Catamaran, diesel boats and floating nets are used in fishing.
• 3. Oysters and prawnurseriesns are cultured in original
• 4. Vellore leads with 10% of states production. Cuddalore, Sivagangai and Virudhunagar districts stand second with 9% of inland fish catch each.

2. Food crops and non-food crops

Food crops

• 1. Crops which are cultivated for human consumption are called food crops.
• 2. Rice, wheat, and millets are food crops.

Non-food crops

• 1. Crops which are cultivatepurposes are called non-food crops
  d for commercial
• 2. Sugarcane, tobacco, cotton and jute, etc. are non-food crops.

3. Roadways and Railways.

Surface Water

• 1. The total surface water potential of the state is about 24,864 mcm.
• 2. An area of 24 lakh hectares of the land are irrigated by surface water.

Ground water

• 1. The utilizable ground water resource of the state is 22,423 mcm.
• 2. About 8875 mem is the balance water available for use.

VII. Give Reasons:

1. Farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.

• Using pesticides and chemicals affect the crops and the consumers and leads to land degradation.
• Inorganic farming needs surplus of water while organic farming needs less irrigation.
• Farmers use cow dung and other natural manure as fertilizers. All these are readily available with the farmers who do not have to buy them. Organic farming maintains soil productivity.
• Hence , farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.

2. Cities are densely populated than the villages.

Agriculture, industrial development, network of transport and employment opportunities are the reasons for dense population in cities.

3. Karur is called the Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu.

Coimbatore, Tirupur and Erode contribute a major share to the state’s economy through textiles. So, this region is referred as “Textile valley of Tamilnadu”.Karur is known as the textile capital of Tamilnadu.

VIII. Answer the following in a paragraph:

1. Write about the plantation farming of Tamil Nadu.

• Tea , coffee, cashew, rubber and cinchona are the major plantation crops of the state.
• Tamil Nadu ranks second in area and production of tea in India next to Assam. Tea plantations are found in the hills of the Nilgiris and Coimbatore.
• Coffee plants are grown in the hills of Western Ghats as well as Eastern Ghats.
• The Nilgiris and Yercaud in Salem are the notable regions for tea plantations.
• It is also found in the hilly slopes of Dindigul, Madurai, Theni and Dharmapuri districts.
• Tamil Nadu stands second in area and production of coffee next to Karnataka.
• Rubber plantations are significant in Kanyakumari.
• Pepper is confined to the warm and wet slopes of Eastern and Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu.
• Cashew is extensively cultivated in Cuddalore district.

2. Give an account on water resources of Tamil Nadu.

• Tamil Nadu has only 2.5% percent of India’s water resources. More than 95% of the surface water and 80% of the ground water have already been put into use.
• The state is heavily dependent on monsoon rains.

Surface Water Resources              Numbers

River Basin                                        17

Reservoirs                                         81

Tanks                                                  41,127

Tube wells and other wells            4,98,644

Open Wells                                       15,06,919

Total (Million Cubic metres)          2046788 MCM

Surface water resources:

• The total surface water potential of the state is about 24,864 mcm.
• There are 17 major river basins in the state with 81 reservoirs and about 41,262 tanks.
• Most of the surface water has already been tapped, primarily for wrigation, where water use is largest.
• An area of 24 lakh hectares of the land are irrigated by surface water through major, medium and minor schemes.

Ground water resources:

• The utilizable ground water resource of the state is 22,423 mcm.
• The current level of utilization of water is about 13,558 mcm. It is about 60 precent of the available recharge, while about 8875 mcm is the balance available for use. –

3. Bring out the mineral distribution in Tamil Nadu.

• Tamil Nadu is the leading holder of country’s resources of vermiculite, magnetite, dunite, rutile, garnet, molybdenum and ilmenite.
• Important minerals found in the state are as follows: Neyveli has large lignite resources. Coal is also available in Ramanathapuram. Oil and gas are found in the Cauvery basin.

Iron

Iron deposits found in Kanjamalai region in Salem district and Kalvarayan malai region of Tiruvannamalai district.

Magnesite

It is available in Salem.

Bauxite

Bauxite is found in Servarayan Hills, Kotagiri, Udagamandalam, Palani and Kollimalai areas.

Gypsum

• Gypsum is obtained in Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar districts.
• Ilmenite and rutile are found in the sands of Kanyakumari beach.

Limestone

It is available in Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul, Kancheepuram, Karur, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Namakkal, Perambalur, Ramanathapuram, Salem and Tiruvallur districts

Magnesite

• It is obtained in Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Karur, Namakkal, the Nilgiris, Salem, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli and Vellore districts.
• Feldspar, quartz, copper and lead are also found in some parts of the state.

4. State the densely populated regions of Tamil Nadu and account for its high density.

Population density:

• The density of population in Tamil Nadu is 555 per sq.km as per the 2011 census.
• The national average density of population as per the 2011 Census is 382.
• Chennai is the densest district with 26,903 persons per sq.km.
• Kanyakumari, Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Madurai, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Salem, Vellore and Tiruchirappalli are the regions with high density of population.
• Causes for high density of population:
• Agriculture and industrial development are the main causes for the density of population.
• Job opportunities in large towns and cities attract huge population.

5. Explain the different modes of transport available in Tamil Nadu.

Roadways:

• The State has a total road length of 167,000 km, in which 60,628 km are maintained by state Highways Department.
• It ranks second in India with a share of over 20% in total road projects under operation in the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model.

Railways:

• The present Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India’s southern peninsula.
• The headquarters of Southern Railway is at Chennai.
• Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693 km with 690 railway stations in the state.
• The system connects it with most of the major cities in India. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirappalli and Tirunelveli.
• Chennai has a well-established suburban railway network, a Mass Rapid Transport System(MRTS).
• It is currently developing a Metro system, with its first underground stretch in operation since May 2017.

Airways:

• Tamil Nadu has four major international airports.
• Chennai International Airport is currently the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.
• Other international airports in Tamil Nadu include Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli airports.
• It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin and Salem connecting several parts of the country.

Waterways:

• Tamil Nadu has three major ports. They are in Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.
• It has an intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 minor ports. Ennore intermediate port was recently converted as a major port and it handles the major coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu.

6. Write about Road safety rules.

• Aware of the road signals
• Stop, look and cross
• Listen and ensure whether a vehicle is approaching;
• Don’t rush on roads;
• Cross roads in pedestrian crossings;
• Don’t stretch hands while driving vehicles;
• Never cross road at bends and stay safe in a moving vehicle.